Causes of Muscle Damage

Causes of Muscle Damage An antioxidant has been defined as a substance that reduces oxidative damage such as that caused by free radicals (Halliwell 1984). Oxygen-centred free radicals known as Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) may contribute to exercise induced muscle damage (Mc Ginley 2009). Due to this, it has been widely accepted over the past 20 years that increasing antioxidants in the body will provide greater protection against ROS (Sastre 1992; Hathcock 2005). However, the significance of exercise-induced oxidative stress is open for discussion (Cabrera 2008) with unclear conclusions in literature. This has led to the recent investigation on the possibility of increased production of free radicals during exercise and the effects of antioxidant supplementation in athletes (Finaud 2006; Gomez-Cabrera 2008;Ristow 2009). Free radical proliferation is a widely suggested mechanism in the damage response to exercise by process of phacocytosis and activation of the respiratory burst by neutrophils during the i nflammatory response (Pyne 1994). The most commonly used antioxidants in the sporting world are vitamin C (ascorbic acid) and vitamin E (tocopherol) with an astonishing 84% of athletes using antioxidants during the 2008 Beijing Olympics (International Olympic Committee 2008). It has been well documented that high intensity exercise results in damage to active muscle fibres resulting in soreness, stiffness and a reduction in the muscles force producing capabilities (Allen 2001; Armstrong 1990; Clarkson 2002). Peroxidation of muscle fibre lipids causes disturbance in cellular homeostasis which may result in muscle fatigue or injury, possibly implicating free radical formation as a major cause of delayed-onset muscle soreness (Byrd 1992). Preventing muscle tissue damage during exercise training may help optimize the training effect and eventual competitive sports performance (Sen 2001). In order to minimise tissue cell damage, there must be an equilibrium maintained between oxidants (ROS) and antioxidants (reductants). ROS increases with intense physical exercise (Fig 1) which can exceed the capacity of the bodys natural antioxidant defence (Reid 2001). This was illustrated by Davis (1982) and Ebbeling (1990), whereby strenuous activity led to increased lev els of malondialdehyde (MDA), a 3-carbon-chain aldehyde. Measurement of MDA has become the most commonly used indicator of lipid peroxidation (Mc Bride 1999).Thus, the ingestion of exogenous antioxidants has been proposed to attenuate this increase in ROS. Evans (1990) noted that several antioxidants, including vitamin C and especially vitamin E, have been shown to decrease the exercise-induced increase in the rate of lipid peroxidation, which could help prevent muscle tissue damage. The effects of Vitamin E have been more extensively researched than Vitamin C due to some promising results in the literature. Vitamin E is the main lipidsoluble, chain-breaking antioxidant (Ji 1996) which accumulates in the phospholipid bilayer of cell membranes and helps attenuate lipid peroxidation (Sjodin 1990) within the cell membrane acting as an important scavenger of superoxide and lipid radicals (Powers 2000). Vitamin E supplementation has been shown to significantly decrease the amount of lipid peroxidation (Kanter 1993) and membrane damage associated with single bouts of low and high intensity submaximal exercise aswell as resistance exercise (Mc Bride 1998; Ashton 1999). Sumida (1989) stated that 300 mg of vitamin E given for 4 weeks reduced exercise-induced lipid peroxidation . Mc Bride (1998) reported the effectiveness of vitamin E supplementation in reducing MDA and creatine kinase (CK) levels. Cannon (1990) reported a decrease in CK and a faster recovery after supplem entation of vitamin E. Furthermore, Kanter (1997) recently reported a 35 % increase in T-lag time (indicative of a diminished LDL oxidation rate) in subjects who consumed 1000 mg d-a-tocopherol acetate daily for 1 week before exercise. Various studies have also demonstrated beneficial physiological effects of vitamin C supplementation in physically-active people. Jakeman and Maxwell (1993) found that supplementing vitamin C showed less strength loss (Fig 2) in the triceps surae post-exercise, and a faster recovery (Fig 3) compared to placebo. The force response to tetanic stimulation was less in the vitamin C group also, indicating a reduction in contractile function. Kaminski and Boal (1992) pre-supplemented subjects for 3 days with 1 g of vitamin C 3 times a day and then induced damage in the posterior calf muscles. Supplementation continued for 7 days post-exercise with vitamin C group reporting reduced soreness ratings ranging from 25-44% less than the control group. Peters (1993) noted fewer cases of upper respiratory tract infection in runners who consumed 600 mg vitamin C/d for 3 weeks before a 42 km road race. Bryer (2006) reported lower DOMS in a high-dose Vitamin C supplementation group 2 weeks prior and 4 days post eccentric exercise Studies which have used combinations of antioxidants (consumed 300-800 mg d-cr-tocopherol plus 200 mg vitamin C/d for 4-8 weeks) reported post-exercise declines in serum enzymes indicative of muscle tissue damage in subjects (Sumida 1989; Rokitzi 1994). Kanter (1993) reported that a mixture of vitamin E (592 mg), vitamin C (1,000 mg), and 30 mg of beta carotene resulted in a decreased level of a lipid peroxidation marker after exercise. All the previously mentioned studies suggest tangible benefits of antioxidant supplementation in combating detrimental physiological processes that may be initiated by physical activity thus appearing beneficial to sports and exercise participants. Exercise exhibits numerous positive effects on general health (Wartburton 2006), most notably improving glucose metabolism. It is well documented that exercise increases ROS production (Powers 2008), however it is unknown whether this may influence the health promoting effects of exercise. The effects of antioxidant supplementation on the health-promoting effects of exercise have recently been investigated (Gomez-Cabrera 2008; Ristow 2009). Exercise helps initiate mitochondrial metabolism, with a reduction of this metabolism linked with type 2 diabetes (Simoneau 1997). Since mitochondria are the main source of ROS, its been proclaimed that ROS may be a factor in some health promoting effects (Schulz 2007; Birringer 2007). Ristow (2009) investigated this theory and hypothesized that antioxidant supplementation may repeal certain health promoting benefits of exercise and oxidative stress. Thus, if increases in oxidative stress exhibit a counteracting effect on insulin-resistance, then the prevention of ROS activation by antioxidants may increase the risk of disease such as type 2 diabetes. Ristow (2009) proposed an essential role for ROS formation in increasing insulin sensitivity in exercising humans. The study found that vitamin C and vitamin E blocked many of the beneficial effects of exercise such as insulin sensitivity (glucose infusion rates-GIR) and the promotion of muscle antioxidant defence post-exercise. James (1984) found non-supplemented subjects showed significant increase in GIR after 4 weeks training whereas antioxidant group found no significant change (Fig 4). In addition, the non supplemented group also increased adiponectin levels compared to the supplemented group (Fig 5). Adiponectin (secretory protein) has been shown to have a positive correlation with insulin sensitivity and is inversely correlated with risk of type 2 diabetes (Spranger 2003). A recent meta-analysis of 232,550 participants suggests use of antioxidants may increase all-cause mortality (Bjelakovic 2007). Of the 136,023 receiving antioxidants, 13.1% died (17,880) whereas of the 96,5 27 controls, 10.5% died (10,136). Studies in healthy subjects show that low aerobic capacity is a strong predictor of mortality (Myers 2002; Yusuf 2004). Impaired regulation of mitochondrial function is an important mechanism for low aerobic capacity (Wisloff 2005). Gomez-Cabrera (2008) found that mitochondrial content is a key determinant of endurance capacity and that vitamin C decreases exercise-induced mitochondrial biogenesis in muscle. Free radicals serve as signals to adapt muscle cells to exercise through gene expression (Khassaf 2003). Vitamin C was found to prevent beneficial training effects to occur due to their prevention of activation of two major antioxidants (Mn-SOD and GPx) (Gomez-Cabrera 2008). The aforementioned study also concluded that endurance capacity is directly related to mitochondrial content, which is negatively affected by antioxidants. Antioxidant supplementation is extremely popular among athletes, but data indicating beneficial effects on functional capacity of muscle are elusive. There is no strong evidence from literature for the use of antioxidant supplementation in athletic populations as there are many poor controlled studies involving unusually high doses, involving low muscle damaging activity and more recent research has alleviated to minimal if any benefits. Antioxidants do not seem beneficial in preventing DOMS, increasing recovery time or protect against muscle damage but in fact long term supplementation (with vitamin E in particular) may increase mortality (Bjelakovic 2007). Most notably for athletes, not only does supplementation appear ineffective in preventing against exercise induced muscle damage, but interferes with the ROS signalling which are needed for adaptation to occur (Gomez-Cabrera 2008). References: Allen DG (2001). Eccentric muscle damage: mechanisms of early reduction of force. Acta Physiol Scand; 171(3):311-9 Aoi W, Naito Y, Takanami Y, Kawai Y, Sakuma K, Ichikawa H (2004). Oxidative stress and delayed-onset muscle damage after exercise. Free Radic Biol Med;37:480- 7. Armstrong RB (1990). Initial events in exercise-induced muscular injury. Med Sci Sports Exerc; 22(4): 429-35 Ashton T, Young IS, Peters JR, Jones E, Jackson SK, Davies B (1999). Electron spin resonance spectroscopy, exercise, and oxidative stress: an ascorbic acid intervention study. J Appl Physiol;87:2032- 6 Birringer M, et al. (2007) Improved glucose metabolism in mice lacking alphatocopherol transfer protein. Eur J Nutr 46:397-405. Bjelakovic G, Nikolova D, Gluud LL, Simonetti RG, Gluud C (2007) Mortality in randomized trials of antioxidant supplements for primary and secondary prevention: Systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Med Assoc 297:842-857. Bryer SC, Goldfarb AH (2006). Effect of high dose vitamin C supplementation on muscle soreness, damage, function and oxidative stress to eccentric exercise. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab; 16(3): 270-80 Byrd, S.K.(1992) Alterations in the sarcoplasmic reticulum: A possible link to exercise-induced muscle damage. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 24:531-536 Cannon, J.G, Evans W.J (1990). Acute phase response in exercise: Interaction of age and vitamin E on neutrophils and muscle enzyme release. Am. J. Physiol. 259:R1214-R1219. Clarkson PM, Hubal MJ (2002). Exercise-induced muscle damage in humans. Am J Phys Med Rehabil; 81(11): S52-59 Davies, K.J, BROOKS G.A, and Packer L (1982). Free radicals and tissue damage produced by exercise. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 107:1198-1205. Dillard CJ, Litov RE, Savin RE, Dumelin EE Tappel AL (1978) Effects of exercise, vitamin E, and ozone on pulmonary function and lipid peroxidation. Journal of Applied Physiology Ebbeling, C.B, and Clarkson P.M(1990). Muscle adaptation prior to recovery following eccentric exercise. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 60: 26-31. Finaud J, Lac G, Filaire E (2006). Oxidative Stress: relationship with exercise and training. Sports Med;36(4):327-58 Gomez-Cabrera MC, Domenech E (2008). Moderate exercise is an antioxidant: upregulation of antioxidant genes by training. Free Radic Biol Med; 44(2): 126-31 Gomez-Cabrera MC, et al. (2008) Oral administration of vitamin C decreases muscle mitochondrial biogenesis and hampers training-induced adaptations in endurance performance. Am J Clin Nutr 87:142-149. Halliwell, B., Gutteridge J. M (1984). Oxygen toxicity, oxygen radicals, transition metals and disease. J. Biochem. 219:1-14. Hartmann A, Nies AM, Grunert-Fuchs M, Poch B Speit G (1995) Vitamin E prevents exercise-induced DNA damage. Mutation Research 346, 195-202. Hathcock JN, Azzi A, Blumberg J (2005). Vitamins E andCare safe across a broad range of intakes. Am J Clin Nutr;81:736-45 Hellsten, Y, Sjodin B (1997) Xanthine oxidase in human skeletal muscle following eccentric exercise: A role in inflammation. J. Physiol. 498: 239-248. James DE, Kraegen EW, Chisholm DJ (1984) Effect of exercise training on whole-body insulin sensitivity and responsiveness. J Appl Physiol 56:1217-1222. Ji, L.L (1996). Exercise, oxidative stress, and antioxidants. Am. J. Sports Med. 24:S20-S24. Ji, L.L. (2000) Free radicals and antioxidants in exercise and sports. G.E. Garrett, and D.T. Kirkendall. Exercise and Sport Science. New York, NY: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. pp. 299- 317. Kaminski, M, Boal M (1992). An effect of ascorbic acid on delayed- onset muscle soreness. Pain 50:317-321. Kanter MM, Bartoli WP, Eddy DE Horn MK (1997) Effects of short term vitamin E supplementation on lipid peroxidation, inflammation and tissue damage during and following exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 29, S40. Kanter, M.M., Nolte L ,and Holloszy H (1993). Effects of an antioxidant vitamin mixture on lipid peroxidation at rest and postexercise. J. Appl. Physiol. 74:965-969. Kanter, M.M., Nolte L.A and Holloszy J.O (1993). Effects of an antioxidant vitamin mixture on lipid peroxidation at rest and post-exercise. J. Appl. Physiol. 74:965-969. Khassaf M, McArdle A, Esanu C (2003). Effect of vitamin C supplements on antioxidant defence and stress proteins in human lymphocytes and skeletal muscle. J Physiol;549:645-52. Kosmidou I, Vassilakopoulos T, Xagorari A, Zakynthinos S, Papapetropoulos A, Roussos C (2002). Production of interleukin-6 by skeletal muscle myotubes. Role of reactive oxygen species. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol;26:587- 93. Maxwell SRJ, Jakeman P, Thomason H, (1993). Changes in plasma antioxidant status during eccentric exercise and the effect of vitamin supplementation. Free Radic Res Commun;19:191-202. McBride, J.M., and Kraemer W.J (1998) Effect of resistance exercise on free radical production. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 30:67-72. McBride, J.M., and Kraemer W.J (1999). Free radicals, exercise, and antioxidants. J. Strength Cond. Res. 13:175-183. Myers J, Prakash M, Froelicher V, Do D, Partington S, Atwood JE (2002). Exercise capacity and mortality among men referred for exercise testing. N Engl J Med;346:793- 801. Powers SK, Jackson MJ (2008) Exercise-induced oxidative stress: Cellular mechanisms and impact on muscle force production. Physiol Rev 88:1243-1276. Pyne, D.B (1994). Regulation of neutrophil function during exercise. Sports Med. 17:245-258. Reid, M.B, Shoji T,Moody M.R, and Entman M.L.(1992) Reactive oxygen in skeletal muscle. II. Extracellular release of free radicals.J. Appl. Physiol. 73:1805-1809. Ristow, M., Zarse, K., Oberbach, A., Kloting, N., Birringer, M., Kiehntopf, M. Stumvoll, M., Kahn, C.R., Bluher, M. (2009). Antioxidants prevent health-promoting effects of physical exercise in humans. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 106, 8665-8670. Rokitzi L, Logemann E, Sagredos AN, Wetzel-Roth W Keul J (1994) Lipid peroxidation and antioxidative vitamins under extreme endurance stress. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica 154, 149-154. Sastre J, Asensi M, Gasco E (1992). Exhaustive physical exercise causes oxidation of glutathione status in blood: prevention by antioxidant administration. Am J Physiol;263:R992-5. Schulz TJ, et al. (2007) Glucose restriction extends Caenorhabditis elegans life span by inducing mitochondrial respiration and increasing oxidative stress. Cell Metab 6:280-293. Sen, C, K (2001). Antioxidants in Exercise. Nutrition Journal of Sports Medicine- Volume 31 Issue 13 pp 891-908 Simoneau JA, Kelley DE (1997) Altered glycolytic and oxidative capacities of skeletal muscle contribute to insulin resistance in NIDDM. J Appl Physiol 83:166-171. Sjodin, B., Y. And Apple F.S (1990). Biochemical mechanisms for oxygen free radical formation during exercise. Sports Med. 10:236-254. Spranger J, et al. 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Pygmalion: Social Class and Liza

1. Significance of Title: The significance of the title, †Pygmalion† is in Greek mythology, The town Cyprus Pygmalion was a king who deeply fell in love with the statue of Aphrodite. Pygmalion had pictured nothing but beauty in his mind. He worked many countless days and nights in search of loveliness beyond his powers of expression. The statue got the life, in his quest for ideal beauty and divine’s grace. Over time the two were married and he gave her the name Galatea. In contrast to Shaw’s play, â€Å"Pygmalion† professor Higgins the scientist of phonetics is a Pygmalion and a convent garden flower girl Eliza is a Galatea the statue, who will be later transformed by Higgins into an upper class lady. Though Higgins creates a new Liza, he doesn’t marry her unlike the Greek legend. The title has mythic and suggestive appeal to it. 2. Setting: The setting of Pygmalion is set in England around the late 1800s and early 1900s. Why Shaw chose this setting, it is when and where he lived, but it is important to the story in many ways. He was an active socialist, in many of his novels they were based on social and political issues like capitalism and socialism. In Pygmalion, Shaw lays down his beliefs and teaches us about society in the early 1900s. This was a time when people were just starting to be able to move up in society, if you were poor at birth, you could raise yourself to a higher level by working hard, like Liza. Women were finally starting to be considered more than just the homebuilders; they were starting to be viewed as the heart of the family. Shaw supported the idea that women should get the same opportunities as men, also he believed strongly in equality for all mankind. In this story it tells about a working young lady who gets an opportunity to become upper class lady. Throughout the novel, Shaw keeps the contrast between working class and the middle class by using strong characters from both sectors. The setting provides events and opinions from both sides of class divided. When the two different worlds are clashed together the results are interesting. England is also a major part of the setting, because it had a more rigid social structure at the time of the story than America did. It was easier to spot the differences that kept Liza stapled to the gutter of society. 3. Theme: There are many themes in this novel. One of themes is Professionalism, the idea of female professions were somewhat new, in this time period. Women were generally housewives before this period and there is some resistance to the idea of that male professions being entered by females. When Liza opening a flower shop and she comes from the lower class, it’s almost treating to the males because it’s one job that the female took away from them. Gentility and Manners is another theme. The upper class was associated with mostly good manners. The author’s position on manners was a bit unclear. Since he’s a socialist, a person might think he wouldn’t have no time for them because they are a maker of class divisions. Though Pickering’s treating everyone like a duchess, while Higgins’s pattern is treating everyone like trash. At the end of the novel Liza thanks Pickering for teaching her manners; if it wasn’t for him she would have never learned them. Change and Transformation is also another theme. The central theme and plot of the novel is the transformation of Liza. At first it appears to rest in the power Higgins expresses buy achieving his transformation. He quotes, â€Å"How frightfully interesting it is to take a human being and change her into a quite different human being by creating a new speech for her.† Liza becomes the central in the play. The learning of independence and the sense of inner self-worth is the true importance that allows her to leave Higgins. 4. Characters: Liza Doolittle is around eighteen and twenty years of age, a cockney flower girl who is energetic and street-smart. She is intelligent though was not educated by the traditional standards. Innocent vanity and consequential air describe the deplorable figure. Liza is a quick learner, who learns a genteel accent from Higgins’s and washed and dressed exquisitely as a duchess. As she is transformed, she is shocked that Higgins has lost interest in her afterwards. Liza notices the difference between a flower girl and a lady and she learns that the social graces and class not the true measure of a person’s worth. Henry Higgins is described as, â€Å"a robust, vital appetizing sort of man†, also an energetic scientific type. He is an expert in the phonetics and the author of, â€Å"Higgins’s Universal Alphabet.† His manners range from genial bullying. When he transformed Liza, he is shaken by the independence Liza demonstrates and by the end of the play Higgins is able to respect her. Another character is Alfred Doolittle is an elderly but vigorous man. He thinks he deserves as much as others Though never gets anything because the disapproval of middle class morality. Alfred is a moocher that finesses loans from the most miserly of people. 5. Conflicts: There are several conflicts in this play. Higgins and Colonel Pickering have a playful â€Å"bet† that Higgins can't make the flower girl speak and act like a duchess. There is the issue of what we actually hear and say as opposed to what we think we hear and say. Higgins transforms the flower girl into an upper class duchess, and this is why Higgins forgets about her as soon as transformed her because he won the bet. Another conflict was that Liza Doolittle wants to better herself in life, than just be a lower class flower girl but is rather stuck in her position since her income fluctuates and her education is limited. This conflict is solved when Liza decides to open her own flower show, because that is what she knows how to do. Plus she enjoys it. 6. Symbolism and Imagery: One of the symbols in this play is chocolate. Higgins loves chocolate; while he does his studies he displays them on desk. He tried to Convince her Liza to be transformed into a duchess, he lures her with chocolate. She takes a bite of half of one. Before she can reply he pops one in his mouth. In the chocolate dish before leaving his house, Liza leaves a sentimental ring given to her by him. Liza taking a bite of chocolate represents trust. Money would be another symbol because it defines the difference between lower, middle, upper class depending how much money you have. The ring is also another symbol. Usually a ring symbolizes love and marriage though Higgins and Liza were never together; she leaves the ring by the chocolate dish. This indicates that she doesn’t trust him no more, since she left the ring by the chocolates and that she doesn’t have any more feelings for him. Eliza has now moved on. 7. Author’s style: Shaw’s style in his novel, â€Å"Pygmalion† is Intellect vs. Entertainment Shaw not only wants to just entertain his audience, he also wants them to learn about social issues. Usually theatre plays are strictly to just entertain; Shaw adds his own twist to it (to learn as well). Rather than dramatic tension, his plays do tend toward discussion. Shaw understood what made plays theatrical that’s why he succeeded in his plays. His belief in the need for social improvement didn’t however discourage him for adding humor into his plays. Pygmalion most people would think that his novel would have to do with romance but it doesn’t at all. After reading the novel you might interpret that it is a romance novel, because Eliza and Higgins. Romance has been distinguished as exotic, exaggerated narratives and idealized characters. And Pygmalion is a romance not the typical one but because of the magical transformation throughout the play . 8. Key Quotations:† A woman who utters such depressing and disgusting sounds has no right to be anywhere – no right to live† (Act.1 ) By this quote Higgins does accept all the class divisions. He believes that since Liza didn’t inherit in being an upper class lady, only he can bestow worth upon her, by helping her become a lady in society’s eyes. †You don’t care. I know you don’t care. You wouldn’t care if I was dead. I’m nothing to you-not so much as them slippers† (Act4 pg64) This shows Liza’s transformation and how it changed her, they even though she completely changed in appearance deep down she is nothing like Higgins or any upper class person. She has a different way of explaining things and she wants to be her own person, but still use the traits of an upper class lady. â€Å"You are certainly are a pretty pair of babies, playing with your live doll†(Act3 pg.53) Mrs. Higgins doesn’t agree with what her husband is doing with Liza, at first she was somewhat okay with the idea, but now she thinks it’s wrong because he going to have nothing to do with her afterwards.

Native American History Native Americans - 1879 Words

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Is Climate Change Not A Top Priority Essay - 1197 Words

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The recent election of Donald Trump to president is what made me decide on this question. In the wake of his election, many people have expressed concern for environmental agenda and climate change regulation-- and for good reason too. To start, Donald Trump himself tweeted â€Å"The concept of global warming was created by and for the Chinese in order to make U.S. manufacturing non-competitive.† He tweeted that in 2012, and while he may have been joking-- or even changed his mind-- it gets worse. According to the Washington Post, Trump â€Å"has vowed to roll back Obama’s signatureShow MoreRelatedGlobal Climate Change Should Be A Top Priority For All Of Us1783 Words   |  8 Pageslive. The global climate change is affecting all of us in general. People are in denial and think that it doesn’t exist or that scientists made it up. In reality it is happening and more and more evidence is showing that if we don’t start to do something about it we can destroy the planet. 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Compare and Contrast a Doll House by Henrik Ibsen and a...

Compare and contrast A Doll House by Henrik Ibsen and A Streetcar Named Desire by Tennessee Williams. Write a brief essay (of approximately 1000 words) to comment on the two female protagonists’ (Nora Helmer and Blanche Duboi’s) relationship with men. A Doll House by Henrik Ibsen and A Streetcar Named Desire by Tennessee Williams are two well-known plays that give rise to discussions over male-female relationships in old society. The female protagonists in the plays are women who are dependent on males. However, the female protagonist in A Doll House is able to transcend her status by try to be dependent on herself at the end of the play, whereas the one in A Streetcar Named Desire still continues to depend on men. In this essay, I am†¦show more content†¦Blanche does not agree with the beastly lifestyle of her sister’s husband, Stanley. She thinks that he is so common and ape-like. This shows that they cannot get along well with each other during Blanche’s staying at their home. When the play develops, Stanley quickly seeks out that Blanche is actually a fallen woman. She lost her husband and her family fortune. She has sexual affairs with some men and addition to alcohol. Therefore, she needs much male adm iration to maintain her remaining self-esteem. Besides, she wants to marry a man as a shelter so that she can escape poverty as well as her bad reputation in society. Mitch, therefore, is a chance for Blanche because he likes her very much. However, before they decide to be together, Stanley tells Mitch about Blanche’s indiscrete sexual behavior in the past. This destroys Blanche’s pursuit of Mitch. After this incident, Blanche even makes up a story about going on vacation with a billionaire. It is obvious to see that Blanche always rely on men in her life, looking for admiration and a shelter for her from the tough reality. So, she always pretends to be someone men like in order to please them rather than being a true self. She even acts in front of men in the way that she does not really feel like that. Unlike Nora, Blanche is pathetic when it comes to relationship with men. While Nora undergoes a transformation from a controlled doll to a strong woman who determines to

Compare and Contrast Essay Free Essays

Compare and Contrast Essay Overview: Students will learn about poetic interpretations of universal themes (love, hurt, joy, dreams, and hopes) and how those interpretations impact the author’s writing. The students will look at the work of two artists who address the same universal theme in their writing. They will then complete a compare and contrast essay talks about each author’s approach to the theme. We will write a custom essay sample on Compare and Contrast Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now In class, the instructor will lead students through an analysis of a selected poem, an in-depth exploration of the social context that inspired the poem, and an investigation of the universal theme present. Following these discussions, students will explore a second poem provided by the instructor as an example of another work that deals with the same universal theme. Students should note the ways each poem deals with that theme and discuss the similarities and differences in their essay. Length Requirements: 3-5 pages Audience: Imagine that you’re writing this paper to present at Undergraduate Research Day. Sources: Choose one pairing of a love song and a love poem to use for this paper: 1. Fine China by Chris Brown I Knew a Woman I Knew a Woman by Theodore Roethke 2. Lotus Flower Bomb by Wale she being Brand by e. e. Cummings 3. Thinkin Bout You by Frank Ocean Calamus (In Paths Untrodden) by Walt Whitman Poem A Poem B Documentation: Because you are imagining yourself as a writer in the humanities discipline, you should adhere to the guidelines of MLA documentation style. Writing Process and Due Dates: Discovering Ideas: Choose one of the three topics listed above to write about in your essay. In a word document, write a couple of sentences that tell me what you chose and why. Feel free to do background research on the song or poem if you are unfamiliar with either. Due 4/15/13 by midnight via CAMS Planning: Use the handout labeled â€Å"Comparison and Contrast Organization Strategies† to prepare an outline for your essay. Due 4/19/13 in class Drafting: Prepare a draft of your essay over the weekend. Bring two (2) copies to class for peer review. Due 4/22/13 in class Revising: Complete your peer review conference with Prof. Shelton Due 4/23/13 in 304-B Editing: Complete a writing center consultation. Schedule an appointment here: www. st-aug. mywconline. com Due by 4/24/13 Publishing: Final Draft due 4/25/13 by noon. Organizational Strategies: When preparing this assignment, you should observe the following general structure: Introduction The introduction paragraph of the essay should introduce the text(s) that the writer intends to talk about. As with any introduction paragraph, the writer should provide any background or contextual information that their readers will need to know understand the essay’s discussion. Remember that good introduction paragraphs also begin in an engaging way and end with a focused statement of the claim that the writer is making in the essay, or the thesis statement. The thesis statement for this essay should make a claim about the similarities and differences between the two poets’ approach to the topic. Body The body paragraphs of the essay should support the thesis statement that makes the writer’s claim about the similarities and differences between the two poets work and how they address their topic. Conclusion The conclusion paragraph of the essay should reiterate the writer’s claim about the similarities and differences between the two poets’ work. Evaluative Criteria: When I evaluate your response, I will be looking to see how well you have met the goals of the assignment; that is, I will be looking for how well you analyze the text(s) and how well you apply your analysis in describing the similarities and differences between the text(s). You will also be evaluated n how you develop your ideas and if that development aptly backs up your claim and clearly conveys your point to the reader. Your paper will also need to meet the general criteria of good academic writing: a clear focus, logical and purposeful organization, strong use of supporting evidence, and thoughtful development of the ideas you are presenting. Of course, it will also need to be well-written both stylistically and grammatically. In addition, we will be discussing specific evaluative criteria in c lass How to cite Compare and Contrast Essay, Essays Compare and Contrast Essay Free Essays Compare and Contrast Paper Students in high school search for the perfect college. Size of the school becomes a significant decision in narrowing the list. Luckily, the United States offer a huge variety of colleges, from little colleges with less than 1,000 students to huge state universities with more than 35,000 students. We will write a custom essay sample on Compare and Contrast Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Finding a good match depends mainly on the students’ personality and academic goals. Although, large universities can be exciting or impersonal. A small school can be supportive or stifling. Among the most common reasons for transferring, size is near the top of the list, with too big and too small getting even play. Small colleges commonly translate into smaller classes and more professor contact. They can, however, be lacking in specific major offerings. Large schools may offer opportunities such as editing a daily newspaper or studying Swahili that a smaller school cannot. Extroverts and self-starters may thrive on a big campus. Students who are shy or who lack the self-discipline to work when there are endless temptations to do otherwise will probably be better served by a small college where they would not be as likely to fall through the cracks (Big Colleges vs. Small Colleges). When a student can decide being a part of a Big Ten school that offers everything from sport events being on television to numerous degree programs feels right they will more than likely apply for that college. If you pick a big university it is time to leave the feeling of the high school popularity and welcome the chance of namelessness that comes with being one of thousands of students. Then a big university is probably a comfortable place to apply for. Going to a big university has its ups. Having a wide variety for major choices, which is good because some students do not have a good idea of what they want to be until their sophomore or junior year and that gives them time to try out a number of different majors. There will always be a way to find resources for homework because the libraries are stocked well with the up-to-date books. Students will never have to worry about housing because the campuses are so huge and dorm buildings are so big that they all have places for students to stay. Also if there is no homework to o, sports are such a big thing at university’s and gives the chance to go catch a football, baseball, volleyball, or basketball game during free time. But with up’s there will always be downs (Sizing Up Colleges: Big vs. Small). Sadly, big universities have huge class sizes. This means fewer students to professor interaction that is if the student gets a professor for their class and not a teacher’s assistant. Which another bad th ing about universities is, professors will have their teacher assistants teach the class to give them experience. But the student will not get the full knowledge since they do not know all of the material yet. Also there are more rules and procedures related to enrolling in and designing course study. This makes it harder for students to get accepted in to the university and to learn their major (Sizing Up Colleges: Big vs. Small) A student that enjoys classes with small-group discussions where active participation and hands-on learning take priority, will more than likely fit right in to a small college. Some good things about most small colleges are the class sizes which lead to more teachers to student hands-on learning. Hands-on learning helps a lot because it gives the student a better idea of what is going on, which leads to quicker knowledge of the subject. They also have individually designed majors so students who are interested in a specific major can choose one of the smaller colleges that focus more on that major then others that they have within their program. Lastly the professors are teaching the classes instead of teacher assistants, un-like big universities, which give the student and professor a better chance of learning things about each other so they can understand how one learns and the other teaches. Just like big universities though, every small college has their downs too (Sizing Up Colleges: Big vs. Small). Even though, Small colleges have harder times getting students into their colleges because they will run out of dorms to house their students which make it hard for some kids to attend college if they cannot afford the tuition of a big university. They do not have many majors to pick from either which also limits the student to types of work they could go into after graduating college. Although the students have a great deal of ands-on learning with the professors at small colleges, since there are fewer students that go to smaller colleges the student cannot seek out other resources such as other students to help them with questions they might have about a project of paper once class had ended and they do not know where their professor is after that class. Also they have fewer resources, book wise to find research for papers or big projects for classes since the libraries on small college campuses are much tinier then the libraries on bigger campuses. Finally, small colleges do not tend to care about sports as much as the big universities do which might be a bad thing to some students that are big with sports and have great talent but could not afford to go to a big university even with scholarships they might have received. This could lead to fewer kids attending smaller colleges also which could keep some kids from going to school at all and earning a good education you can get from either big universities or small colleges (Sizing Up Colleges: Big vs. Small). So being a student in high school, choosing a college to apply for, whether it is a big university or a small college. One of the main decisions that student needs to make that will help narrow the list is the size of the school. Then he or she will be able to decide on a university or small college based on personality and or academic goals they have for themselves. Large universities tend to have more name recognition than smaller private colleges. For example, once someone leaves the west coast, they will find more people who have heard of Stanford University than Pomona College. Both are extremely competitive top-notch schools, but Stanford will always win the name game. Some other reasons why student prefer big universities over small are because their parents might have been an alumni from that university. Also most big universities have division I athletic teams which are televised and they would think that is cool to attend a school that is played on TV (Small College or Large University). Most often, student’s think of college as a four-year undergraduate institution, but this is not the case. The official United States Department of Education definition shows that a college is more complex than that. In terms for Graduate Study, the real definition of college is given: â€Å"An institution of higher learning that offers undergraduate programs, usually of a four-year duration, that lead to the bachelor’s degree in the arts or sciences (B. A. or B. S. ). The term â€Å"college† is also used in a general sense to refer to a postsecondary institution. A college may also be a part of the organizational structure of a university. † (College vs. University). Anonymous. â€Å"College vs. University† Education Bug. WASC, 2010. Web. 15 Nov. 2010. Anonymous. â€Å"Big Colleges vs. Small Colleges† college confidential. N. p. , 2001. Web. 28 Oct. 2010. . Anonymous. â€Å"Sizing Up Colleges: Big vs. Small. † College Board inspiring minds. TRUSTe, 2010. Web. 28 Oct. 2010. . Grove, Allen. â€Å"Small College or Large University† N. p. , 2010. Web. 15 Nov. 2010. How to cite Compare and Contrast Essay, Essay examples Compare and Contrast Essay Free Essays April D. Destura Narration- narrate your very frightening experience Facing in front of the people When I was a child, I am afraid of face in front of the people. I am not go outside of our house, because I am afraid of rejection, I have lack of confidence on what I am. We will write a custom essay sample on Compare and Contrast Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now I am very shy on them even though in our relatives. I’ve got beauty and talent but it’s hard for me to express. My father always pulls me to join on the singing contest and for the sake of my father I obey him even though my inner feelings disagree. And it results losing in the competition, because I’m so nervous, but my father didn’t stop he always practicing me when he heard a competition. The time passed, I become a high school student, I’ve learned to get along with my classmates until we are became friends. And then I finished my high school and turn to another cycle of my life, because of our poor situation so that I can’t go with my next stage, college life. I work to the house of others to be their maid and I work to the factory for several months and years past that I decide to get married with my long time boyfriend. And I’d began active in their religion, a Christian born again, their Pastor train me to face in front of the people by join me in music team, being a preside, and later on, he offer me to speak a one topic. At first I’m very nervous, I can’t feel my breath and my body, I felt that I’m floating but in God’s grace I finish that with no mistakes. So I’m thankful to the Lord for giving me wisdom and knowledge. This is my frightening experience that I’m already encountered. April D. Destura Description- describe a famous tourist spot in Philippines Boracay Island If we explore the Philippines we found a lot of famous tourist spots and we are rich by that. We feel amused when they see them. We can make a relaxation of ourselves. And one of the famous tourist spot here in the Philippines is the Boracay Island. It is famous for being a one of the destination that you can found relaxation and it is widely known as one of the finest swimming destinations in the world. The fine talcum powder-sand beaches are one of their blessed things. Countless hidden coves and coconut trees line up along the beaches. The leisure activities that can be on or along the beach are scuba diving, helmet diving, snorkeling, wind surfing, kite boarding, cliff diving, and beach relaxation. The crystal clear waters are perfect for swimming, sailing, fishing and sun bathing. It offers the site of an 18-hole par 72 golf course, more than 2,000 rooms ranging in quality from five-star to budget accommodation. It also offers a wide range of restaurants, bars, pubs, and night clubs. Boracay also boasts of sapphire seas and spectacular sunsets. Boracay can found at the northwest of Panay, in the west if Visayas region, off the Sibuyan Sea. To get to Boracay, one has to book a flight to Kalibo, the capital of Aklan province. Air-conditioned coasters or public buses offer one-hour-and-a-half drive to Caticlan where one can board a motorized banca for a 30-minute trip to Boracay. Conclussion: If you want the place that was relaxation, this is the place you are looking for. White sand beaches and many activities you can do. This is truly one of the famous tourist spots here in the Philippines because of their lots of treasure and we might keep, care and protect that. April D. Destura Comparison and Contrast- compare two cities anywhere in the world except in the Philippines | | | | | | | | Compare and contrast paragraphs are written to expose similarities and differences of two places, countries, people, friends, items, objects or events. When comparing two things, the writer emphasizes the similarities between the things compared; however, when contrasting, the writer mentions about the differences between them. The best way to start a compare and contrast paragraph is to choose two related items and clarify what is precisely being compared. It is also possible to give a list of selected criteria that will be used to make the comparison. After writing the topic sentence the writer might go on with the supporting sentences. There are two chief ways to develop supporting sentences: whole by whole or point by point. In a whole by whole comparison paragraph, the writer analyzes the first item thoroughly before giving any details about the second one. Point by point comparison is also called alternating arrangement of ideas. If the paragraph is about cats and dogs, the writer states one point for both cats and dogs before going on with the second major point. Finally, using transition words or phrases, such as â€Å"in contrast,† â€Å"on the other hand,† â€Å"similarly† or â€Å"whereas† will help the writer to present the connection between the ideas in a coherent way and they will make the paper comprehensible for the reader. SCHOOL AND COLLEGE   Even though high school and college are both institutions of learning, they differ in at least three ways. The first difference between high school and college is their social atmospheres. In high school the facility is usually smaller, and students are, for the most part, well acquainted with each other. In addition, students in high school have the same six hours 7:45 to 1:45 day, thus helping them to know one another better. On the college scene people are constantly coming and going, therefore rarely seeing the same person twice in a day, which accounts for fewer people being acquainted with each other. The second difference between high school and college is their policies about homework. In high school, homework is required to help motivate students to study. Knowing they have to submit assignments in algebra or history gives students an incentive to keep up with these subjects. In college most homework consists of studying; very little of it is written and turned in. If students do their homework, it is to their advantage; if they do not, the teachers will not force them to do it. The student is only wasting his own money if he neglects his course work. The third and last difference between high school and college is their attendance policies. In high school, students must attend class to get assignments and personal help in a certain area. Furthermore, high school students are less responsible; therefore, they need more guidance, which they can receive by going to class. In college, students may skip classes if they choose and refer to the syllabus to acquire missed assignments or tests. It is the student’s responsibility to make work up. In spite of these differences between high school and college, they both serve the same purpose — to prepare an individual for the real world. | | | | | | Test: â€Å"Study Guide Algebra† How to cite Compare and Contrast Essay, Essay examples Compare and Contrast Essay Free Essays Compare And Contrast Essay Cinemas can be a great time , but staying home and watching a movie can be just as great. Americans last year on average spent 9. 87 billion dollars on tickets alone. We will write a custom essay sample on Compare and Contrast Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Americans who stayed home saved a lot of money, were more comfortable, and probably had just as good of a time. I feel that going out to have a good time is essential in life, but money saved is money earned. The financial aspects of going out to the movies is the most appalling factor when you consider the facts. On average, a person will go the movies 12 times a year with a spouse or significant other totaling over eight hundred dollars or more. The person who stays home to see a movie for a mere eight dollars a month with Netflix also saves time and aggravation, as well as a considerable amount of gas money. Theatres also charge an inordinate amount of money for snacks and sodas which could easily be prepared at home for a fraction of the price. Sodas and popcorns on a national average are: 5-6 dollars for a soda, 4. 50-7 dollars for a popcorn. Financially, going to the movies compared to sitting at home and watching a movie isn’t even fair. Netflix offers streaming movies whenever you want for eight dollars a month. DVD’s and Blurays are also offered to be mailed within 1 business day. Netflix boasts over 100,000 titles most available instantly on your television, computer or gaming console as long as you want, as many times as you want. Comfort is defined as a feeling of relaxation, which i can not see as being a big part of going to a theatre. Americans who chose to stay home were definately comfortable seeing as you can’t go to the movies in a shirt and underwear. I must say being stuffed in a germ filled hole with 100 or more other people is not my idea of comfort. The floors are sticky and the people are so agitating I can’t see why anyone would want to go to a cinema. I can’t even recall the last time I went out and there wasn’t someone coughing, answering their phone, texting or tending to a crying 4 year old. The ability to stretch out on my couch or my bed in a nice quiet environment is how I define comfort. People argue the fact that movie theatre chairs can be comfortable and in some circumstances can be, but most theatres your elbow to elbow with strangers. The whole idea of going to the movies entails having a good time, this phrase can be perceived in many ways. Movie theatres do offer the ability to go out whereas staying home does feel redundant after some time. Enjoying yourself at home can be just as easy with the ability to drink while watching the movie and you can pause it if you have to do something. Many people will argue the fact that movie theatres have massive sound systems and big screens. Home theatre systems retail about three hundred dollars and offer Dolby Digital 5. 1 surround sound just like the theatres. A good home theatre coupled with a quality HDTV can offer a life changing experience over the theatre. Theatres can be a nice place, but you will pay dearly for it. The comforts of home are free and more enjoyable by far, needless to say the fact that you will be paying to leave in more than one way. Comparing the two, while similar, are complete opposites in my opinion. In todays harder economic times I urge you to purchase a quality television and home theatre system. The savings you will see are astounding, the next time someone invites you out to the movies you can smile knowing you have all the benefits of the movies without actually having to go. How to cite Compare and Contrast Essay, Essays Compare and Contrast Essay Free Essays TERESA WATSON ENGLISH 121 ENGLISH COMPOSITION 1 MATTEW BAMBERG NOVEMBER 12, 2012 1 – 1 – [no notes on this page] Running head: Kindle vs. Nook With affordable e-ink readers, mid-price color tablets like Kindle Fire and Nook are all going for your e-book dollars, what is the best choice for him or her? At first glance, the task seems daunting—there are more choices than ever before. The good news is that the list of worthwhile choices is actually fairly short. We will write a custom essay sample on Compare and Contrast Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now But the prices and features are better than ever, such as color versus black and white screen, backlight versus readability in the sun, touch screen versus none touch and 3G versus Wi-Fi. When he or she says e-book readers, they are now really referring to two classes of product: black and white e-ink readers price range from $80 – $150, 7- inch color LCD media tablets going for $200 – $250. Choosing among the two categories of readers is the dilemma facing any shopper today. He or She should start by asking themselves what they are really looking for. Do they want to read books, magazines, or newspapers? Do they want to browse the web? In other words, do they want to do more than just read? If he or she want to stick with just reading—books, newspapers and maybe some magazines (in black/white) then the Kindle Fire is for them. It comes closest to duplicating the experience of reading a book. The Nook color blazed which came on the market in 2010 has joined the Nook Tablet. It works as e-readers, but the7- inch color LCD tablets use the Android operating system to deliver a growing variety of media, productivity and entertainment apps. The best e-reader for he or she to buy will be the Amazon Kindle price starting at $79, the Kindle Touch $99-$189, and the Nook Touch $99. (Falcone, 2012) Even if he or she plans to never leave their home with their e-reader, they should consider the size before they purchase. Weight and size are critical issues since they hold the device in front of them whenever they read. 2 – 2 – 1 1. Wi-Fi. Good thesis; nice job narrowing it down to two. [Tammy Putra] Running head: Kindle vs. Nook The smallest and largest dedicated e-book reader you can buy is the entry level Kindle. Unlike the step-up Kindle Touch model, the baseline Kindle does not include touch screen or audio features. However, the trade-off is that you get the lightest e-book reader that is on the market—just under six ounces. Touch screen models all weigh more. The Kindle Touch weighs 7. 5 to 7. 8 ounces depending if he or she go with the Wi-Fi or 3G model. But even with cases, the 6-inch e-ink models are light enough to hold for extended reading sessions without you getting tired. With their color screen and beefier batteries, the 7-inch tablets are heavier than their e-ink counterparts. The Nook tablets weigh 14. 1 ouches the Kindle Fire weigh 14. 6 ounces, and the Nook color15. 8 ounces. In other words, a smaller screen does not mean they need to sacrifice text readability. However, small screens often make magazines and PDFs look cramped even though, they are generally designed with large print size in mind. Beyond screen size, weight is often a bigger issue. He or she will be actively holding these readers or tablets, during long reading of 45 minutes or so, you will find that their arms and/or fingers being strained. Nonetheless, he or she should remember that if they add a case or a screen cover to their reader of choice, it is going to add some weight as well. E-ink: is as close as he or she will get to a printed screen, dedicated to e-book readers such as Kindle and Nook use an e-ink screen. However, e-ink screens have some drawbacks, they are black and white, and the pages do not refresh as quickly as those on an LCD do. On the other hand, they do an excellent job on reproducing the look of printed paper. Also, you can read e-ink in direct sunlight, which is something he or she cannot do 3 – 3 – 1 . ounces. Although this assignment does not require outside resources, it is important to use citations if you do use information from an outside source. Whenever you include information from a website, textbook, or other outside source, you should use a citation formatted in APA style. Additionally, an APA formatted reference page should be included listing any of the outside sources that you used. This helps the reader to locate the source that you used. For more information, refer to the Ashford Writing Center for specific guidelines on research and APA formatted references/citations. Tammy Putra] Running head: Kindle vs. Nook on LCD screen. But the biggest drawback for the E-ink screen is they were not selfilluminating unlike LCDs which are backlit. LCD: Bright, backlight, and potentially tiring: Color LCD screens found on tablets (including Nook Tablet and Kindle Fire) are bright and colorful. Nevertheless, the reflective screens on LCD tablets make it hard to read in bright light, and they may find that the bright tires their eyes over long reading sessions. Touch screen: All tablets Nook Tablet and the Kindle Fire have touch screens, unlike the entry level Kindle. He or she will find the touch screen to be the most natural way of inter acting with your device. So, he or she may ask themselves again, which screen is better suited for them e-ink or LCD. If he or she do not have a problem with staring at your LCD monitor for hours on end, or if they enjoy reading in low light without an external light source—he or she will probably like an LCD screen. However, if he or she prefers the look of newsprint or if they enjoy reading outside and e-ink display is their friend. When he or she buys e-readers, they will need to make a choice between two versions: the Wi-Fi model or the 3G version. In other words, do he or she want the more affordable Wi-Fi model (which require you to be near Wi-Fi hotspot to access the internet), or do he or she prefer to pay a premium—a high up front price and/or a monthly bill. If he or she primarily will be reading books, they are probably going to fine opting for a Wi-Fi model. He or she only needs internet service when you are buying new books. So, if he or she is a person who loves to read, they can buy a lot of books at one time and work your way through them at you leisure. 4 – 4 – 1 1. LCD: Nice use of point by point method! [Tammy Putra] Running head: Kindle vs. Nook On the other hand, if he or she are using their hardware to access anything besides e-books such as magazines, newspapers subscriptions, emails, the web, app and so forth, wireless access becomes more important. Ironically, the Kindle Fire offers no 3G version. But, is a broadband wireless a must have? That is the question he or she will need to answer for themselves. In conclusion, depending on what features are important to him or her and meets their needs–color versus black and white screen, backlight versus readability in the sun, touch screen versus not, 3G versus Wi-Fi—their preferred device may be different from others. However, there is no arguing that the choice for e-book is an easy task. Both e-readers are promising, and are competitive when it comes to the market. He or she expects both products to improve as new apps services, and software develops. In the mean time, he or she should use the guidelines/statistics to figure out which product is best for them. 5 – 5 – [no notes on this page] Running head: Kindle vs. Nook Reference Falcone, J. (2012, August). Which e-book reader should you buy? hhtp://www. news. cnet. com 6 How to cite Compare and Contrast Essay, Essay examples

Walk by Faith free essay sample

â€Å"Who want’s to go first?† That aching inside me tells me to push myself, overpowering my fear and self-doubt, just long enough for me to raise my hand, instantly making me the unsaid leader of the gym class. What did I just do? I can’t do this. But there’s no way that I would allow that fear to reverse the feeling of thrill I got just from climbing the first few steps. I have to do this. I can do this. Most people think I’m not much of a risk taker. Maybe they’re rightbut maybe they’re not. Step by step, I realize that being a risk taker isnt neededwalking by faith is no risk at all. I feel my legs losing stability beneath me and I can finally empathize with those who have felt their heart beating straight out of their chest. We will write a custom essay sample on Walk by Faith or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I’m at the top of this 20 foot ladder. Now I stare at my next obstacle. The plank. The cheers of my classmates fade out, and I’m left alone with my thoughhts. This harness isnt tight enough. I feel like peter pan. What if I take the wrong step and the harness fails and I die? My teacher’s encouragement must have snapped me out of my daydreaming. â€Å"Olivia, youve got this! You can do it.† You can do it. These four words echo through my mind. After wrestling with my thoughhts, I’m forced to face my lack of faith. If I was focused on the five steps ahead of the one that I haven’t even taken, I will fall. I see nothing. I have no idea where I’m going or what my next step will be. I’d be lying to say that I’m not scared. But the more I walk by this amazing faith, the more I realize there’s no need to worry. The more I realize over time, God has made me a leader The truth is, I can’t do it. But I can, when I walk by faith. Not knowing what I’m doing with the rest of my life, or how my life will change, or what my next step might be, is a lot easier knowing that Ive got a great God guiding every step I take. I put the blindfold on, and have no choice but to walk not by sight but by faith, and faith alone.